The international system is undergoing one of its most significant periods of transformation since the end of the Cold War. Intensifying geopolitical competition, prolonged armed conflicts, growing tensions between major powers, and mounting criticism of international institutions have all raised fundamental questions about the future of global governance. As confidence in the post-1945 international order declines, debates over multipolarity, the effectiveness of multilateral cooperation, and the legitimacy of international organizations have become increasingly central to global political discourse. /* Make the container take 100% width ONLY when it contains .outer-post-summary */ .container:has(.outer-post-summary) { width: 100%; max-width: 100%; padding:0px; } /* Hide the col-lg-2 elements inside outer-post-summary */ .outer-post-summary .col-lg-2 { display: none; } /* Make the col-lg-8 element take 100% width */ .outer-post-summary .col-lg-8 { width: 100%; flex: 0 0 100%; max-width: 100%; } .post-summary-section { padding: 0px 0 25px; padding: 0px 0 0px; } .comment-section { display: none; } #related_publications_slider_sec { display: none; } .like_dislike { display:none; } .hero-banner.post-details-banner.program-banner { display: none; } :root{ --bg-a:#8C241C; --bg-b:#6B1414; --bg-c:#3A0909; --card:rgba(0,0,0,0.24); --card-2:rgba(0,0,0,0.16); 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} 50%{ opacity:.22; } } @keyframes bg-flow{ to{ stroke-dashoffset:-320; } } main, footer, .hero, .intro{ position:relative; z-index:1; } @media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce){ .scroll-cue .line{ animation:none !important; } .bg-anim .ring-group, .bg-anim .ring-group.reverse, .bg-anim .node, .bg-anim .link{ animation:none !important; } } Pulse Survey Series The New World Order The old system is fracturing — and no clear successor is in sight. Findings from Al Habtoor Research Centre. Read the findings The international system is undergoing one of its most significant periods of transformation since the end of the Cold War. Intensifying geopolitical competition, prolonged armed conflicts, growing tension between major powers, and mounting criticism of international institutions have all raised fundamental questions about the future of global governance. As confidence in the post-1945 order declines, debates over multipolarity, the effectiveness of multilateral cooperation, and the legitimacy of international organizations have moved to the center of global political discourse. This Pulse survey examines how the public reads that shift — their trust in institutions, their view of recent great-power behaviour, and their expectations for who, if anyone, leads next. 87%say Trump's positions have hurt international bodies 75%see multilateral cooperation as weaker than a decade ago 43%expect a multipolar world of major powers Confidence in institutions has collapsed 56.5%say bodies like the UN, WHO and World Bank are no longer as reliable as they once were Only 4.3% of respondents still describe these institutions as trustworthy and dependable. A further 39.1% express just moderate confidence — a qualified trust that, combined with outright distrust, means 96% of respondents now hold some degree of reservation about the institutions built to anchor the post-war order. International institutions derive their effectiveness from broad public confidence in their impartiality. When that confidence is this thin, it points to a legitimacy challenge rather than a passing mood — and it sets the baseline against which future Pulse surveys will track whether the erosion is cyclical or structural. How much confidence do you currently have in international institutions? The "Trump effect" reads as corrosive, not neutral 87%view Donald Trump's recent positions as a negative influence on international institutions Positive, neutral, and unsure responses are essentially tied at 4.3% each — a rare degree of consensus in an otherwise divided survey. Respondents appear to read the "Trump effect" as more than disagreement with one leader: when the world's most influential power openly questions or selectively engages with international institutions, it creates permission for other states to do the same. Over time, that dynamic risks weakening respect for international law, reducing compliance with multilateral rules, and accelerating the fragmentation of the global governance system this survey documents throughout. How do you view recent Trump positions on international institutions? No successor to the current order is in sight 43.5%believe no clear leader will shape global governance in the years ahead Emerging powers are the next most likely candidate at 29%, while the United States (13%) and regional coalitions (14.5%) trail closely behind — essentially split. Rather than a single successor to the current order, respondents anticipate a diffusion of influence. The absence of a dominant choice suggests people don't expect a straightforward handover from one hegemon to the next, but a more fluid, contested environment where power is dispersed among multiple actors without a universally accepted leader. Who is most likely to shape global governance in the future? A decade-long slide in multilateral cooperation 75.4%say multilateral cooperation is weaker today than a decade ago Only 8.7% believe it has strengthened; 15.9% see it as roughly unchanged. This perception reinforces the broader narrative running through the survey: a system seen as increasingly fragmented and less able to coordinate collective action — on security, public health, climate, or economic governance. If this view persists, it may further erode public expectations that international institutions can manage the next global crisis. Cooperation vs. a decade ago Multipolarity is the expected — not the feared — outcome 43.5%expect power distributed among several major states; another 36.2% expect regional coalitions to lead instead Together, multipolar and coalition-led futures account for close to four-fifths of all responses. Just 17.4% remain unsure, while a return to unipolarity (2.9%) draws only marginal support. The post–Cold War unipolar moment, in the public's view, is ending — not in favour of a new single power, but of a system with multiple centres of influence and greater reliance on flexible coalitions. Which future model of global order is most realistic? "Respondents don't simply believe the existing order is weakening — they expect the emerging one to be more fragmented, more competitive, and less predictable." Managing diffusion, not replacing a hegemon Taken together, the five findings point to one conclusion: the challenge for global governance in the coming years is less about which power replaces the last one, and more about managing a world where power is increasingly diffused across multiple, uncoordinated actors — with public trust in the referee institutions already running low. Pulse Survey Series Al Habtoor Research Centre Figures reflect the share of respondents selecting each response option and may not sum to 100% due to rounding. function initCharts(){ Chart.defaults.font.family = "'Barlow', sans-serif"; Chart.defaults.color = '#D9A793'; const palette = { rank1:'#7B1315', rank2:'#994238', rank3:'#D07465', rank4:'#F09988' }; function tooltipBase(){ return { backgroundColor:'#3A0909', borderColor:'rgba(242,198,176,0.4)', borderWidth:1, titleFont:{family:"'Barlow', sans-serif", size:11, weight:700}, bodyFont:{family:"'Barlow', sans-serif", size:13}, padding:10, displayColors:true }; } function donutTooltip(){ return Object.assign(tooltipBase(), { callbacks:{ label:(ctx)=> ` ${ctx.label}: ${ctx.parsed}%` } }); } function barTooltip(){ return Object.assign(tooltipBase(), { callbacks:{ label:(ctx)=> ` ${ctx.label}: ${ctx.parsed.x}%` } }); } function buildLegend(canvasId, labels, data, colors){ const panel = document.getElementById(canvasId).closest('.chart-panel'); const legend = document.createElement('div'); legend.className = 'legend-custom'; labels.forEach((label,i)=>{ const item = document.createElement('div'); item.className = 'item'; item.innerHTML = `${label} ${data[i]}%`; legend.appendChild(item); }); panel.appendChild(legend); } // Chart 1 — Confidence in institutions (()=>{ const labels=['No confidence','Moderate confidence','Confident & trustworthy']; const data=[56.5,39.1,4.3]; const colors=[palette.rank1, palette.rank2, palette.rank3]; new Chart(document.getElementById('chart1'), { type:'doughnut', data:{ labels, datasets:[{ data, backgroundColor:colors, borderColor:'#3A0909', borderWidth:3, hoverOffset:10 }] }, options:{ cutout:'68%', plugins:{ legend:{display:false}, tooltip:donutTooltip() } } }); buildLegend('chart1', labels, data, colors); })(); // Chart 2 — Trump effect (()=>{ const labels=['Negative impact','Positive impact','Neutral impact','Not sure']; const data=[87,4.3,4.3,4.3]; const colors=[palette.rank1, palette.rank2, palette.rank3, palette.rank4]; new Chart(document.getElementById('chart2'), { type:'doughnut', data:{ labels, datasets:[{ data, backgroundColor:colors, borderColor:'#3A0909', borderWidth:3, hoverOffset:10 }] }, options:{ cutout:'68%', plugins:{ legend:{display:false}, tooltip:donutTooltip() } } }); buildLegend('chart2', labels, data, colors); })(); // Chart 3 — Who shapes global governance (horizontal bar) (()=>{ const labels=['No clear leader','Emerging powers','Regional coalitions','The United States']; const data=[43.5,29,14.5,13]; const colors=[palette.rank1, palette.rank2, palette.rank3, palette.rank4]; new Chart(document.getElementById('chart3'), { type:'bar', data:{ labels, datasets:[{ data, backgroundColor:colors, borderRadius:4, barThickness:26 }] }, options:{ indexAxis:'y', maintainAspectRatio:false, plugins:{ legend:{display:false}, tooltip:barTooltip() }, scales:{ x:{ max:50, grid:{color:'rgba(242,198,176,0.12)'}, ticks:{callback:(v)=>v+'%'} }, y:{ grid:{display:false} } } } }); })(); // Chart 4 — Cooperation trend (()=>{ const labels=['Weaker','About the same','Stronger']; const data=[75.4,15.9,8.7]; const colors=[palette.rank1, palette.rank2, palette.rank3]; new Chart(document.getElementById('chart4'), { type:'doughnut', data:{ labels, datasets:[{ data, backgroundColor:colors, borderColor:'#2A0808', borderWidth:3, hoverOffset:10 }] }, options:{ cutout:'68%', plugins:{ legend:{display:false}, tooltip:donutTooltip() } } }); buildLegend('chart4', labels, data, colors); })(); // Chart 5 — Future model of order (()=>{ const labels=['Multipolar world','Regional coalitions','Not sure','Return to unipolarity']; const data=[43.5,36.2,17.4,2.9]; const colors=[palette.rank1, palette.rank2, palette.rank3, palette.rank4]; new Chart(document.getElementById('chart5'), { type:'bar', data:{ labels, datasets:[{ data, backgroundColor:colors, borderRadius:4, barThickness:22 }] }, options:{ indexAxis:'y', maintainAspectRatio:false, plugins:{ legend:{display:false}, tooltip:barTooltip() }, scales:{ x:{ max:50, grid:{color:'rgba(242,198,176,0.12)'}, ticks:{callback:(v)=>v+'%'} }, y:{ grid:{display:false} } } } }); })(); } if (typeof Chart !== 'undefined') { initCharts(); } else { window.addEventListener('chartjs-ready', initCharts); }

Hungary has a strong and well-developed agricultural sector. Arable land and permanent crops account for 4.3 million hectares, of which approximately 130,000 hectares are irrigated. The main crops include wheat (0.9 million hectares), corn (0.8 million hectares), and sunflowers (0.7 million hectares). While pastures cover 0.8 million hectares and forests cover 2 million hectares, livestock production includes 2.8 million pigs and 33.8 million poultry.   The country’s economy is export-dependent, so many technological advancements and the easing of financial restrictions, such as VAT, were integrated across various sectors, helping improve products and increase profits. The agricultural sectors benefited greatly from such policies, where crops and livestock exports have increased throughout the years. Agricultural exports constituted 9.1% of Hungary's total exports in 2024, including commodities like grains and grain products (13%), animal feed (12%), meat and meat products (9%), dairy products (5%), and fruits and vegetables (5%). Hungary's pioneering role in the agricultural sector increases its prospects for adopting measures to address food insecurity while increasing the benefits for any country that cooperates with it.  

This Pulse survey, conducted in March 2026, explores perceptions of the ongoing war and its potential trajectories, focusing on expectations around its duration, outcomes, and broader regional and global implications. The findings reveal a high degree of uncertainty, with no clear consensus on how or when the conflict will end, reflecting the complexity and fluidity of the situation.

Food commodities are becoming strategic resources, increasingly viewed as important as oil and gas. Food is used as a tool of political control, where food export control or bans influence countries' behaviour and policy outcomes. For instance, Russia's actions in the Black Sea’s exports caused price spikes and forced strategic changes to the Black Sea Grain Initiative in favour of Moscow. The Russia-Ukraine ًar has showcased how food can be used as a weapon and how major food importers, like Egypt, have faced direct vulnerabilities impacting their food supply.   As governments continue to weaponise food supply to leverage their position in warfare and as climate change worsens, countries will increasingly treat food as a national security issue and reshape alliance-building. Countries could be more likely to depend on food weaponisation tools, as they appear to be effective in ongoing conflicts. Hence, the Global South and food importers are in danger of being exposed to increased starvation and political control from food exporters and wealthier nations that control food systems. The forecasts incite these countries to re-evaluate their strategies to curb the risk of food insecurity.

This Pulse survey, conducted in November 2025, explores public attitudes toward AI in Arab societies, with a particular focus on reliance on foreign AI models and their impact on Arab values and identity. The findings highlight growing concerns about how AI systems may influence cultural norms, shape collective identity, and redefine societal priorities. By examining perceptions of the need for Arab-developed AI and views on who should lead its development, the survey offers insight into how technological dependence is increasingly understood as a strategic, cultural, and identity-related issue across the Arab world.

This Pulse survey, conducted in August 2025, examines public perceptions of the Arabic language and its role in shaping regional identity, security, and cohesion. The findings shed light on how populations view the weakening of Arabic as a potential threat, not only to cultural and social unity, but also to economic stability and national security. By exploring both immediate and long-term concerns, the survey provides valuable insights into how language is perceived as a pillar of resilience in the Arab world.